President Kennedy decided to replace his ambassador to Saigon, Frederick E. Nolting, and appointed Henry Cabot Lodge to that position. United States Ambassador Donald R. Heath delivered this letter from President Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam (Viet-Nam), on October 23, 1954. Press Release of Letter from President Dwight Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem Ng nh Dim: Th thch u tin (HNT & TTN) [7] CIA, Saigon cable 1447, October 5, 1963, cited in Thomas L. Ahern, CIA and the House of Ngo: Covert Action in South Vietnam, 1954-1963. I am, accordingly, instructing the American Ambassador to Viet-Nam to examine with you in your capacity as Chief of Government, bow an intelligent program of American aid given directly to your Government can serve to assist Viet-Nam in its present hour of trial, provided that your Government is prepared to give assurances as to the standards of performance it would be able to maintain in the event such aid were supplied. 24, f.: Meetings on Vietnam, August-November 1963.. Our additional records do not change the impression we expressed in 2009 that Nolting had essentially gone native (Documents 9, 10). While Minh said he did not expect U.S. support for a coup, he wanted to ensure that no effort would be made to thwart a change in government. Fax: 202/994-7005Contact by email. Another consistent theme among American planners was that there was no clear frontrunner, and it was unclear whether the next government would be civilian or whether it would share power with the military for a time. what is a connect argument i can argue that links these articles Ngo Dinh Diem explains why he rejects national elections (July 1955) Tng - Bn c n cn (T Gn) 328 (April 6, 1965) 242 Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense: Excerpt from Memorandum for President Lyndon Johnson (April 21, 1965) 244 Ho Chi Minn: Letter to Lyndon Johnson (February 15, 1967) 245 While Diem had not yet surrendered, the coup plotters planned to set up a civilian government as soon as the coup was over. Eisenhower wrote to South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem and promised direct assistance to his government. That was the sense of the Hilsman cable, and of the follow-up instruction sent after the August round of coup talk. Content created by Alpha History may not be copied, republished or redistributed without our express permission. The National Security Archive documented this event in some detail in our 2003 electronic briefing book, where we presented the meeting agenda, a tape of the conversation, the NSC meeting record, and two draft cables to Saigon that the participants considered (2003 E-book, Documents 18, 19, 20, and 21 plus audio clip). One can see the flurry of activity in August, during the first serious discussion of a coup shortly after Lodges arrival in Saigon. Similarly, Alleged Assassination Plots quotes two CIA cables sent to Saigon, respectively, on October 5 and 6, of which only the latter message seems to exist in the public domain (DIR 73661, here presented as Document 19). Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam, October 23, 1954 DEAR MR. with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. In Krulaks record of the same meeting (Document10), figures like Robert McNamara, George Ball, Averell Harriman were more forceful figures with the latter most going so far as to say that the U.S. will lose South Vietnam if there is not a successful coup to topple the Diem government. The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future of a country temporarily divided by an artificial military grouping, weakened by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their subversive collaborators within. Ultimately his refusal to make any substantial changes to meet the needs of the people led to extreme civil unrest and eventually a coup by dissident South Vietnamese generals in which Diem and his brother were murdered. On this day in 1957, Ngo Dinh Diem, president of South Vietnam, addressed a joint meeting of Congress during a two-week visit to the United States. Don was furious that a different, subordinate ARVN officer, talking of a different coup, had been discouraged by U.S. military group commander General Paul D. Harkins, while word of that had reached President Diem. President Eisenhower authorized CIA agents to undermine Mohammad Mossadegh's political power to Select one: A. apply the domino theory to the Middle East. 204, f.: Vietnam Subjects: Top Secret Cables (Tab C) 10/3-10/27/63.. Unless otherwise indicated Statement on Student and Faculty Academic Rights and Responsibilities. During his trip the Saigon situation escalated as Nhu went ahead to launch the raids on the Buddhist pagodas he had already planned. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Text of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution approved by the U.S. Congress, August 7th, 1964. Augustine Heard, an American traveller, reports on Indochina (1886) Contrary to fears expressed at the October 29 White House meeting, when the coup began on November 1, President Diem and his forces were fairly quickly corralled in the Gia Long Palace. According to Lodges report of the two-hour discussion, many of the points he raised were nearly verbatim with those he discussed with Kennedy on August 15 including the importance of U.S. public opinion, the role of Madame Nhu, and the recent unrest in Saigon. By the end of the meeting, Kennedy asked for a cable to be sent to Lodge and Harkins to get their appraisal whether a coup could be successful. PFC Meadlo on his role in the killings at My Lai (November 1969) President Kennedy meets with newly-appointed Ambassador to South VietnamHenry Cabot Lodge. Ng nh Dim: Giai on cc k gy cn (HNT & TTN), TT @table of contents. The quote has been used in virtually every account of the Diem coup written since that time. White House conversations took place without any principal figures changing their minds about the Saigon situation. With the exception of primary sources, all content on this website is Alpha History 2018. Other History Sourcebooks: African | East Asian | Indian | Islamic |Jewish | Lesbian and Gay | Science | Women's | Global, Letter to Ngo Dinh Diem, October 23, 1954, Letter from President Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Nhu suggested that he was not a central figure in the actions undertaken against the Buddhists, although he was in support of them. South Vietnams president Nguyen Van Thieu resigns (April 1975) [6] CIA Saigon cable 1385, October 3, 1963, ibid., p. 354. Author Luke A. Nichter found the document in the Vietnamese archives. On August 27 Ambassador Nolting took center stage. of American aid given directly to your Government can serve to assist Viet-Nam DocsTeach is a product of the National Archives education division. President Eisenhower complimented President Ngo Dinh Diem on the remarkable achievements of the Republic of Viet-Nam under the leadership of President Ngo Dinh Diem since he took office in July 1954. Yale University Press, 2020 After his country's . SAIGON, Vietnam, Oct. 24 -- In a letter to Premier Ngo Dinh Diem, President Eisenhower has expressed the hope that "indispensable reforms" would be carried out by South Vietnam in. the Government of Viet-Nam in developing and maintaining a strong, viable Eisenhower called Diem the "miracle man of Asia." . Eisenhower's Letter of Support to Ngo Dinh Diem, October 23, 1954 - The Lodge set Harkins straight that the United States, while not initiating any coup, was to avoid any action that thwarted or opposed a coup. Le Duan: The path of revolution in the South (1956) No The Henry G. Sanders Web Site -- Vietnam Your recent requests for aid to assist [1] The next day, INR went ahead to craft a paper on The Problem of Nhu (Document 17), where analysts cited South Vietnamese opinions that Nhu had become the dominant power in Saigon, exercising an overriding, immutable influence over Diem.. JFKPapers: NSF: Country File: b. Compare this to Items 6 (audio), 7 and 8 of E-book 302, December 11, 2009. nhng n anh ln (Nguyn Tng Phong), Nhng Robert McNamara reflects on Americas failures in Vietnam (1995) Lyndon Johnson on the political aims of the Vietnam War (June 1966) Diem's handwritten proclamation to the Army on the day of the coup, November 1, 1963 (Document 26). Today, the National Security Archive is posting for the first time materials from U.S. and Vietnamese archives that open the window into this pivotal event a little bit wider. So he pledged support to an emerging leaderNgo Dinh Diema devout Catholic and fervent anti-French, anti-Communist nationalist. JFKL: Roger Hilsman Papers, b. Letter From Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem - The Vietnam War aid will be met by performance on the part of the Government of Viet-Nam in undertaking More than on earlier occasions, he recorded, Diem talked largely to himself. The Saigon potentate defended his stance in the Buddhist crisis, and defended his brothers Nhu and Thuc, the archbishop of Hue, whose antics had touched off the crisis. JFK Papers: NSF: Country File: b. Kennedy was personally aware of the pro-Diem views of Frederick E. Nolting, Lodges predecessor as ambassador, strengthening the impression that he included Nolting in White House deliberationsand personally engaged him in colloquy about Saigon eventspartly to build a case that all sides in this debate had been heard. US Senate debate on the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (August 1964) State visit by Ngo Dinh Diem to the United States - Wikipedia Ho Chi Minh calls for unity against the French (February 1930) As . Letters from Eisenhower and Kennedy to Ngo Dinh Diem Eisenhower, Dwight D. Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem. The Saigon government was headed by President Ngo Dinh Diem, an autocratic, nepotistic ruler who valued power more than either his relations with the Vietnamese people or progress in fighting the communists. Viet-Nam endowed with a strong government. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2008, pp. In an extraordinary series of notes made by Diem during the coup from his bunker under Gia Long Palace, discovered by Luke Nichter in November 2016 at National Archives II in Ho Chi Minh City, Diem struggled to regain control. military means. TT Dim received a glowing welcome and was heaped with praise as a leader of a "free country" in the midst of the Cold War. Secretary of State Dean Rusk remarked that were on the road to disaster, posing the alternatives as whether to move U.S. troops into Vietnam or get our resources out. Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. held his first meeting with South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem on August 26. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955-1957, Vietnam, Volume I Diem Betrayed - Anti-Diem Propaganda leaflets - Psywarrior The contact, and the meeting which followed, tipped the Americans to Nhus maneuvers to create channels to Hanoi, reminded them that coup plans still existed, and informed CIA that the generals were awaiting Diems response to their demands for cabinet-level positions in the South Vietnamese government (Document 13).[4]. Noam Chomsky on the meaning of Vietnam (1975), Richard Nixon unveils a policy of Vietnamisation (November 1969) mi nm sau tnh hay m (BS Nguyn Tin Cnh ), CS They emphasized, we believe that Vietnam is not faced with any serious shortage of effective non-Communist leadership. Thomas L. Hughes, INRs director, remains proud today of the list his experts assembled in 1963. Ngo Dinh Diem - Wikipedia We strive for accuracy and fairness. Nhu commented that the South Vietnamese military officers, many of whom were Buddhist themselves, started off in sympathy with the Buddhists following the uprising that occurred in Hue on May 8. to maintain in the event such aid were supplied. 336-346. Bi Through September and October, even as Washington sought to make its point by considering evacuation of U.S. nationals, withdrawals of American troops, and halting CIA aid to South Vietnamese Special Forces, President Kennedy tried to understand the situation better. Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham University Center The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding Such a government would, I hope, be so responsive to the nationalist aspirations of its people, so enlightened in purpose and effective in performance, that it will be respected both at home and abroad and discourage any who might wish to impose a foreign ideology on your free people. Nhu claimed he was prepared to join them which could have been an effort to unmask the coup plotters and their grievances rather than a genuine statement of support.
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