golden gloves heavyweight champions

Kent Greenes 1978 poster announcing his rematch with Muhammad Ali leans against a bannister at his home on Feb. 7, 2023, in Matteson. . History of the Chicago Golden Gloves Stay tuned for news on the Chicago team at the 2023 Nationals & news on the 2024 tournament. Today, the Chicago Golden Gloves continues to be one of the great traditions of sport. Becoming a Golden Glove champion was a life-altering experience. Jack Brickhouse ringside for WGN radio & TV from from the Golden Gloves, "The Golden Gloves Story," a major motion picture, being filmed in Chicago, World Premier of "The Golden Gloves Story," with a parade of celebrities in convertibles arriving at The Oriental Theater, CGG Team Private Audience with Pope Pius XII; European Fight Tour, Charles (Sonny) Liston, Chicago Beats Julius Griffin, New York, Image- 17 year old "Terrell of Chicago KOs Two (Opponents) in the First (Night),", Image- Tommy & Brian O'Shea with CYO Coach, Mike Triolo, Ernest "The Triphammer" Terrell (with image); Chicago Beats NY 7-1, "Slim" Kent Green Accepts the "Maxim Trophy," with, Head coach of the Chicago Golden Gloves team greases the face of Cassius Clay, 175 pound champion", ".Cassius Clay who, if he were a few pounds heavier, might be considered one of the greatest of all time. I definitely took a few but I think I landed a good number as well., In earlier action, Worcesters Ricardo Espertin edged Rhode Islands Orlando Velasquez In the elite male 112-pound championship. 1953: Future heavyweight champion Charles Sonny Liston wins Chicago title. Greene was perfect for the job, a role model whose fistic reputation shadowed him. fought for respect and glory in "a great boxing carnival.". I had a wife and baby and that wasnt paying the bills., His wife did not enjoy the boxing life and so Greene quit, hung up his gloves in 1960 and began working in other fields. No longer able to play and with a $40 hospital bill to pay, he left school and got a job washing pots at the North Island naval station in Coronado. Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes Map - France - Mapcarta BOXING: Gold Star Gym crowns another pair of Chicago Golden Gloves March 10,2022 - Former world heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson is the special guest at final night of New England Golden Gloves. 1923 Ashland Auditorium (at Van Buren St.), Earl "Gibby" Pruess- 1923 Champion at 160 Pounds. Greene was born in Cleveland, came to Chicago at 5 and was raised in the Altgeld Gardens public housing complex. I was fighting three- and six-round bouts and getting paid $100 to $250, he said. A promoter at heart, Arch built the tournament into a worldwide brand. 20,000 at Stadium Watch Chicago GG Team Defeat Polish Team, cheered on by thousands of Polish-American Chicagoans. Feb. 24, 1929- Images of 8 Chicago Champions. Heavyweight John Phillips, left, with Houston teammate and welterweight Jesse Valdez hold the Texas Golden Gloves state trophy in 1964. Key dates of Golden Gloves boxing in Chicago as the event celebrates its 100th anniversary: 1923: 424 men from Chicagos working class neighborhoods fought for respect and glory in a great boxing carnival, according to the Chicago Golden Gloves website, with Arch Ward, Chicago Tribune sports editor, as its tournament managing director. I felt really confident the whole time, said OShea, who has been fighting the past five years now. 1959: Future heavyweight champion Cassius Clay, who later became Muhammad Ali, wins the first of two consecutive intercity titles. Valpo Parks director Siebert retiring, assistant Nuppnau promoted to position. of Pennsylvania. Renee and John Phillips pose for photos at their home on Friday, Feb. 12, 2021 in San Diego. Stipe Miocic | UFC - Ultimate Fighting Championship More from The Sun It feels awesome, said OShea. The 26-year-old improved 7-0 his sixth. At Chula Vista High School, Phillips was the only Black student. Today, Phillips is a grandfather of eight who has built a comfortable life for himself and his second wife, Renee, far away from Texas. Like the national market for soap or automobiles and the enlarged arena of federal power, the national cash-in area for prestige has grown, slowly being consolidated into a truly national system.C. Gibby went on to play professional baseball and football. Kent Greene, 83, holds a 1978 Polaroid of himself, at right, sparring with Muhammad Ali. Results: Johnny Monahue W 3 Joe Reynolds W 3 1931: About 40,000 people witness the amateur boxing at Soldier Field. With a cousin, Phillips drove to Texas, but realized life there would be very different after he crossed the state border. Caruso said her father at 81 is in a good place in his life. The Golden Gloves of America soon follows. All four - Leo Randolph (106 pounds), Howard Davis (132 pounds), Ray Leonard. In addition to the Chicago Golden Gloves and the Inter-City Championships (Chicago v.s. Every immigrant neighborhood had its champion, and boxing was a flag of racial or ethnic pride. Behind his trademark peek-a-boo defense, quick hand speed and swarming combination punching, Tyson . My father was a perfectionist and so when I started, he tied my right hand behind my back for six months so I could learn to use my left. It is one of four premier amateur boxing tournaments, the others being the National Golden Gloves Tournament, which crowns its own amateur heavyweight champion, the Police Athletic League Tournament, and the United States Armed Forces Tournament, all sending champions to the US Olympic Trials. The Southbridge southpaw clinched the novice male 139-pound championship at the 75thAnnualGoldenGloves at the Lowell Auditorium. Today, the title "Chicago Golden Gloves Champion". Petrecca, a 20 year old unemployed truck driver, faces a classy Gloves field, Trib announces it will no longer host National Tourney in a fight over head gear; Chicago tourney will continue, Glove Fans Laud Petrecca and (Rory) O'Shea. The retired truck driver, who turned . (Stacey Wescott / Chicago Tribune), That he would, becoming not only the heavyweight champion but a controversial figure and among the most famous and admired people on the planet. Born Michael Gerard Tyson on June 30, 1966 in Brooklyn, NY. The champ was talking, dancing like he did and when he heard the door squeak open and saw me walk in, he stopped dancing and yelled, Its Kent Greene. 1962 Champions Including Nick Petrecca, front row, second from right and Rory O'Shea top left. Lowells a rowdy crowd and they have a good time here.. The Vista City Council agreed to open a safe parking lot in its Civic Center. NYC), Ward created Major League Baseball's All Star Game and appeared as himself in the 1950 film. Title: Golden Gloves State Champions Description: Eight Texas Golden Glove Champions will represent the Lone Star State in the Tournament of Champions. A standout amateur, Tyson was the 1984 National Golden Gloves champion. Despite its mountain location, Grenoble is a low-lying city. When not in the pressbox, he can be found catching his favorite hard rock bands in concert, or chasing around his puppy, Bella. "National Golden Gloves Heavyweight Champion" (puts It On - YouTube He and Renee, a retired schoolteacher he started dating 25 years ago, are taking a birthday trip this week to a resort in Cambria. For more on the rich history of the Chicago Golden Gloves, scroll down for archival images and select news stories. That win sent him to the state championship in February 1964 where he won the heavyweight division. Black Boxers and Golden Gloves, from Segregation to National Champions Ali had become the heavyweight champion when he knocked out Sonny Liston in 1964, the same year he denounced his birth name as a slave name and formally changed his name to Muhammad Ali. He closely observed Alis career, his climb to success in the ring. Below is a list of National Amateur Boxing Heavyweight Champions, also known as US Amateur Champions, along with the state or region which they represented. He was from Kansas City. Theres not a record of it now if you look for it online, he said. 1931: About 40,000 people witness the amateur boxing at Soldier Field. 1962: Golden Gloves becomes a national tournament. CLICK HERE TO TURN ON NOTIFICATIONS. Your destination for buying luxury property in Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes, France. Republication or distribution of this content is The fight never happened. The Golden Gloves of America soon follows. I was expecting a win and I got it.. I didnt know if we should continue, he recalled. Derick Olivar is crowned New England Golden Gloves heavyweight champ after beating Vermont's Ian Gill by major decision Derick Olivar was just 14 years old when he first strapped on his. He is an International Boxing Hall of Famer (Class of 2011), a former Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion, and a former National Golden Gloves champion (1984). (Stacey Wescott / Chicago Tribune). We had no idea what that fight would eventually mean to both of us.. Word of the event spread. relay championship, Lowell High boys tennis players happy to revive the program, Dracuts Jack Daniels, 14, takes his best shot at Junior Olympics, Dracut's Jack Daniels, 14, takes his best shot at Junior Olympics, UMass Lowell hockey coach Taylor Nelson leaves for Augustana position, Police honored for acts of heroism, bravery, Willie Nelsons 90th birthday concerts feature once-in-a-lifetime lineup of stars, Lowell Public Schools superintendent search in motion, Seeing orbs in photos? Get top headlines from the Union-Tribune in your inbox weekday mornings, including top news, local, sports, business, entertainment and opinion. Greene is at the Robert Taylor Boxing Gym on Feb. 11, 2023, in Chicago. On Thursday, April 13th, Chicago & National Golden Gloves Super Heavyweight champion, Eric Ross, defended his Chicago Golden Gloves title. Osgood, Univ. Martel Washpun 123 pounds. I had to work inside.. In his downtime, he worked as a boxing trainer for Dan Hamel, a businessman who ran a boxing gym in Mission Beach. Yesterday's Heroes: Canadian heavyweight Larry Gains was a victim of colour. Yes, Greene says now. Eric is seen here with his coach, 3-time Chicago Golden Gloves champion, Rodney Wilson. Subscribe to the Chicago Golden Gloves mailing list. Thirtythe promise of a decade of loneliness, a thinning list of single men to know, a thinning brief-case of enthusiasm, thinning hair.F. He turned professional at age 20. Sources: Chicago Golden Gloves website, Chicago Tribune and The Associated Press Corporate Archives. The Baddest Man on the Planet met all the fighters for a quick prefight pep talk. With fellow Houston boxer Jesse Valdez, who won the state welterweight championship that year, they brought the state Golden Gloves trophy back home to Houston for the first time in 28 years. It would have been easier if he wasnt taller, said Maisonet. I was nervous, the guys 6-foot-6. The photo was taken on the same day that Ali and Greene sparred. RECOMMENDED FOR YOU. If you do not yet have a Torstar account, you can create one now (it is free), Copyright owned or licensed by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited. Notre Dame Enters; Knute Rockne Laudes Tribune, Col. Hammond of the 124th field artillery enters team, (First mention of "Glove"+ Champions) "Crown City 'Glove Champs' This Evening,", List of 1923 Champions; "Mob Turned Away At Tribune Finals,", Images From Championship Bouts Printed in the Tribune, Image of Tribune's Check for $6247; Money from tourney donated to War Vets, First Team Chicago vs Team NYC event at the Chicago Coliseum with images of the Chicago fighters, (It's the glory days of Al Capone) "Beat Chicago Mob," is the headline from the NY Daily News before teams face each other, Image of 8 Champions; "9000 See Final Battles", Image, "40,000 at Solders' Field, Largest Crowd to Witness Amateur Bouts,", Image of 14,567 at the Stadium. My older brothers boxed and my dad thought it would be good for me, he says. Word of the event spread. The Golden Gloves is one of the two premier amateur boxing tournaments, the other being the United States National Boxing Championships, which is an annual national amateur boxing tournament organized by USA Boxing, the national governing body for Olympic boxing and is the . Greene remarried and one day, he and his new wife Betty, an executive secretary, were sitting with Ali at his home. Americans loved boxing in the 1920s and '30s. List of US national Golden Gloves heavyweight champions, https://www.teamusa.org/USA-Boxing/Features/2010/May/05/2010-National-Golden-Gloves-Results, "2013 National Golden Gloves Tournament of Champions", "2015 Golden Gloves Tournament of Champions", "2016 National Golden Gloves Tournament of Champions: Championship Finals", "2017 National Golden Gloves Tournament of Champions", "Darius Fulghum is a top US boxing prospect and also a nurse - this is his story", "Goliath wins this time in the Golden Gloves, but barely", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_US_national_Golden_Gloves_heavyweight_champions&oldid=1134074004, 2012: Joseph Mack Williams Queens, New York, 2013: Earl Newman (SP) Brooklyn, New York, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 22:12. Ali and Greene would keep in touch and often see one another. Key dates of Golden Gloves boxing in Chicago as the event celebrates its 100th anniversary: 1923: 424 men from Chicagos working class neighborhoods fought for respect and glory in a great boxing carnival, according to the Chicago Golden Gloves website, with Arch Ward, Chicago Tribune sports editor, as its tournament managing director. Cross country star Sara Armstrong outruns people. On March 6, 1948, WGN-TV signed on the air for its first live broadcast. Anyone can read Conversations, but to contribute, you should be a registered Torstar account holder. In December, 1977, Ali was training at a local gym for an upcoming exhibition bout and when Greene told him about The Razor., Im not putting you down but I get this all the time, Ali said, adding stunningly, But how would you like to fight me for a million dollars?. Our centennial season has wrapped & it was spectacular! Whether you won in the 1950's or after the turn of the millennium, the title continues to bring pride and admiration to those few who've earned it. The southpaw struck again with a big roundhouse left in the closing seconds of the stanza, earning another standing eight before the bell rung. Rubbing shoulders with boxing royalty gave Maisonet all the inspiration he would need, as he rocked Bashir with a stunning left-right combination while in the corner, eliciting a standing eight count in the opening round. Something went wrong. The Tribune sponsored the tournaments as a way to sell newspapers. When Phillips earned enough to buy a home in the late 60s, he left Texas and moved his growing family back to Chula Vista. MORE FOR YOU. He will still tell you, I truthfully feel that I could have beat Muhammad at any stage of our lives and careers.. The retired truck driver, who turned 81 on Saturday, has a stack of faded newspaper clippings and photos at his San Diego home that attest to his pioneering Golden Gloves win. The referee stopping it in the second round and declared Greene winner by TKO. His family was supportive. Just over a week after Phillips clinched his Texas title, Kentucky-born Cassius Clay won the world heavyweight championship and announced his name change to Muhammad Ali. (Stacey Wescott / Chicago Tribune), Kent Greenes sportsmanship trophy awarded to him after he won the Chicago Golden Gloves in 1958. Kent Greene, 83, won the Chicago Golden Gloves multiple times in the late 1950s, but it was his TKO of a then little-know boxer named Cassius Clay in 1958 that grabs most peoples attention. The Golden Gloves National Tournament will be held in Chicago, Illinois. The city sits at the confluence of the rivers Isre and Drac, encircled by the snow-covered Alps. List of US national Golden Gloves champions, List of US national Golden Gloves light flyweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves bantamweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves flyweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves featherweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves light welterweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves welterweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves light middleweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves middleweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves light heavyweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves heavyweight champions, List of US national Golden Gloves super heavyweight champions, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_US_national_Golden_Gloves_champions&oldid=1086361425, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 May 2022, at 18:51. List of United States national amateur boxing heavyweight champions, "List of United States national amateur boxing heavyweight champions", Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States national amateur boxing champions, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_national_amateur_boxing_heavyweight_champions&oldid=1092591623, Lists of United States national amateur boxing champions, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1895 - W.D. Newspapers Limited, 8 Spadina Avenue, 10th Floor, Toronto, ON M5V 0S8, The Chicago Golden Gloves celebrates its 100th anniversary. Although hes happy to answer questions about his boxing days and the discrimination he faced, he doesnt dwell on the past. He defends his national title and the Chicago team fights for their own championships in May. They're spirits of loved ones. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution . (He would much later retire after a lengthy career with the CTA). To order Back in 1964, John Phillips became the first Black boxer in the United States to win a Golden Gloves state championship. The two cities become the two main hubs as Golden Gloves competitions spread to different states. Meanwhile, in the elite female division, Danbury, Connecticuts Marni OShea edged out Bostons Michelle Egan (132) by split decision for the 132-pound title. Visit Place St. Andr, the heart of the city's historic quarter. Mike Tyson was here, my idol, Mickey Ward was here every week. Born in 1896, Arch Ward, the Chicago Tribune's Sports Editor, was the architect and managing director of the tournament until his sudden death in 1955. In 1964, John became the first Black boxer in the U.S. to win a Golden Gloves state championship. Lisandro Maysonet managed the win over Matt Rideout in the novice male at 156-pound final. Rideout hung tough for three rounds, taking some sizable shots. Track is another story. The old boxer answers the door of his south suburban home with a smile and a firm handshake and he moves across his living room and sits in a chair and tells stories about when he was young and strong and beating the daylights out of people. I didnt go to prom because nobody would date a Black guy.. I was good at football but I couldnt play that. Golden Gloves State Champions | UTA Libraries Digital Gallery List of US national Golden Gloves heavyweight champions One thing from my childhood that I remember is my daddy would come home every night and go to our garage and hit the speed bag, said Angela Phillips Caruso, one of Phillips four children. A century later, everything, and nothing has changed. I guess that makes me Davey.. The library has been used as a temporary shelter for women since January. This copy is for your personal non-commercial use only. I was knocked out by Muhammad Ali but another heavyweight hit me so Get the latest UFC breaking news, fight night results, MMA records and stats, highlights, photos . Greene had more amateur fights after defeating Clay and won the light heavyweight title in the Chicago Golden Gloves Tournament. His daughter reads at a nearby table. Getting back in the ring has been refreshing for the father of one. In 1963, in response to a new AAU rule requiring "helmets," the Tribune announced it would continue to host the Chicago city tournament, but it would no longer host its national event. Wright Mills (19161962), How doth the little crocodileImprove his shining tale,And pour the waters of the NileOn every golden scale!Lewis Carroll [Charles Lutwidge Dodgson] (18321898), I saw her hand, she has a leathern hand,A freestone-colored hand. Josue Maisonet couldnt help but get caught up in Tyson-Mania, Thursday night in Lowell. Kent Greene holds a photo taken at Windy City boxing gym in 1978. Frustrating and disappointing? Map. 1934: Future heavyweight champion Joe Louis wins Chicago title. He defends his national title and the Chicago team fights for their own championships in May. Heavyweight Mitch Green won his third Golden Gloves title,. Pagan, a lightweight, ties Breland for No. According to newspaper articles, Phillips was the first Black boxer to win a Golden Gloves state championship. 2023: The Chicago Golden Gloves celebrates its 100th anniversary in what it says is the largest and longest-running, non-national boxing tournament in the United States. When we first met I was 17 and a half and he was 16, says Greene. 1994: The Chicago event hosts its first womens division. Hey, its only one fight, said Arthur Greene. Phillips had experienced subtle racism in California, but nothing so overt as in Texas where there were separate beaches, hospitals, taxis and restaurants for Black people, and they were usually of inferior quality. In addition to the Chicago Golden Gloves and the Inter-City Championships (Chicago v.s. The Heavyweight division is contested at a weight class of 201 pounds. The Toronto Star and thestar.com, each property of Toronto Star And I did.. Now 81, he lives in San Diego. Cicero Stadium is packed with people on the final night of the 100th year of the Chicago Golden Gloves boxing tournament Sunday, April 16, 2023, in Cicero, Ill. Radio provided fans with live broadcasts of the tournament. (Bashirs) a strong fighter hes got the stamina and the power, so I hit him harder.. Toronto Star articles, please go to: www.TorontoStarReprints.com, Conversations are opinions of our readers and are subject to the. Tay Ashbury took out Matthew Montiz by TKO in a novice male 147-pound battle. Click here to view our extensive historical timeline of articles dating back to 1923! 1896 - George Schwegler, New York, NY and J.G. Thank you to everyone who joined us including the fans, officials & boxers. Pictured from left are: Muhammad Ali, Greenes wife Betty Greene, Clarence Griffin and Kent Greene. Radio provided fans with live broadcasts of the tournament. He would train and spar at the gym run by heavyweight champion Joe Louis at 51st Street and Michigan Avenue. Kent Greene, 83, won the Chicago Golden Gloves multiple times in the late 1950s, but it was his TKO of a then little-know boxer named Cassius Clay in 1958 that grabs most peoples attention. "The Chicago Tribune Athletic Association announces the greatest amateur boxing carnival ever held", "Red Blooded Citizens Back Boxing Plans,", "120 Cook County Legion Posts Indorse Tribune AA Boxing;" and Boxer Entry Form in Chicago Daily Tribune, Tribune Publishes Citizens Comments Supporting or Against Tribune's Planned Boxing Event, "Delaney, Clinnen and Griffith Invited to Serve" as refs for the "mammoth amateur tournament,". Gold Star sent a trio Jesus "Chuy" Martinez (heavyweight division), Anthony Mancilla (132 pounds) and Owen Whittington (147 pounds) of boxers to the Chicago Golden Gloves Tournament,. Ward chose Chicago's "brand new," world class venues including Soldier Field (built in 1924) and the Chicago Stadium (built in 1929) to host tens of thousands of fans for the finals of the City-wide tournament, the iconic Chicago vs New York City annual event, and international Golden Gloves competitions. Then one day in 1962 he saw a recruiting ad for Black heavyweight boxers in The Ring magazine. Hes an amazing man and has always been my hero.. Golden Gloves' first Black state champ reclaims his hidden past Chicago Golden Gloves But life is sweeter these days. I was sad to see Ali end up the way he did, he says, referring to the Parkinsons disease that hastened Alis death at 74 in 2016. I started strong the first round, said Maisonet. Among Phillips trainees was 80s-era heavyweight Pierre Marchand. . Its such an atmosphere for boxing. That was all the motivation right there, said Maisonet. Boxers of the Golden Age | American Experience | PBS After the fight, Kents father/trainer Arthur went to Clays dressing room where he found the fighter lying on a table. Man City, Tottenham and Liverpool: TEN things we learned from the He became the first Negro to win a Golden Gloves state championship.. The Golden Gloves National Tournament will be held in Chicago, Illinois. The two cities become the two main hubs as Golden Gloves competitions spread to different states. He quit boxing and left his YMCA job and began working as a supervisor for Coca-Cola. Alex Donis 152 pounds. 1968 - 1976: The Golden Gloves Turns 50 - New York Daily News (B) Listing of fighters who won the New York Daily News Golden Gloves. Mike Tyson. 1931: About 40,000 people witness the amateur boxing at Soldier Field. A former Everett High football player the 6-foot-4 Kabamba floored Holman, a 6-foot-6, 230-pound Russian within the first minute of the match to set the tempo. The former two-time heavyweight world champion has taken on some of boxing's biggest hitters of all time, . Below is a list of National Golden Gloves Heavyweight Champions along with the state or region which they represented. 1948: WGN-TVs first live broadcast had Jack Brickhouse call the finals at a sold-out Chicago Stadium. Riddick Bowe, a two-time World Heavyweight champion, hoists the heavyweight title belt in 1995. . Born in Chicago in 1895, Earl "Gibby" Pruess was crowned the 160 pound champion of the 1923 tournament. Jason King said. We won thats al that mattered to me.. In 1964, they began hosting their own national tournament which is still contested annually in different cities across the country. The Associated Press reported that the 17-year-old from Louisville, Kentucky proved he was quite advanced for his age as a sharp counter puncher in taking a three-round decision over New Yorks light heavyweight Tony Madigan.. But there were limits, he said. Born in 1896, Arch Ward, the Chicago Tribune's Sports Editor, was the architect and managing director of the tournament until his sudden death in 1955. Something went wrong. He played football and baseball at Dunbar High School but academics bored him so he dropped out and took a few menial jobs until his father started teaching him to box. Just a few of the icons who won Chicago's Inter-City title and went on to face the New York City team include: As far back as 1930 and for decades to follow, W.G.N. A lanky righty with good size and a stinging left hand, Bashir battled back in a fairly even second round, avoiding Maisonets left. rights reserved. Greene said, If youre serious, Ill fight 10 of you for a million dollars, and crushed out his last cigarette of his life, a Kool at 1:30 in the morning. He started to train, with his father by his side, and took a leave of absence from his job. (Eduardo Contreras/The San Diego Union-Tribune). I feel great, said Maisonet Ive been working hard since day one, everything is for my son, and Im doing well because of it.. Western New England champ Diego Bengochea beat Nashua New Hampshire native Christian Moura in the elite male 125-title tilt.

3 Ways To Achieve Salvation, Articles G