modified mercalli intensity scale simulator

VI. [14], as shown in Equation (1). What city is closest to your estimated epicenter for this earthquake? However, these contents do not necessarily represent the policies of the Department of Education or National Science Foundation, and you should not assume endorsement by the federal government. Using one arm, cover your head and neck. }> Y'.a +*(Ezx.8 A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Pull over, stop, and engage the handbrake. the maps scale of 100 km = 2.1 cm on your ruler, so if you had a measured distance from one station of (Write the words on the board for them to copy.) For questions about the information on this page, please email: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, fz9TqUU*W#&8| ^17'tJ@1J-aNWjz0 `&n-SK3W Iw{8 /. California's Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989 was a 7.1. Trees and poles To calculate the amount of released energy from an earthquake, we've implemented Gutenberg and Richter's equation in this earthquake calculator: The most powerful earthquake ever recorded happened in Chile in 1960. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the shown linear regression is 0.9681. Table 1. Draw isoseismal lines (contour lines that connect areas of equal intensity) on the map to separate areas reporting one intensity from those reporting another. List of major earthquake events in Myanmar and adjacent area that had been reported the macroseismic intensity in term of isoseismal maps. ", 19. Isoseismal maps of the ten earthquakes reported in Myanmar and neighboring areas during 1912-2006 AD. Many poor buildings damaged, Significant damage. Practically for each MMI level, there is more than one value or the source-to-site-distances (i.e., the MMI boundary is not a perfect circle), and consequently the average distance was used. Maximum intensity normally occurs near the earthquake epicentre, with intensity values then decreasing with distance. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; The projector calculator finds the optimum viewing distance and throw distance for a specific projection size. Some walls collapse. If you're interested in the latest earthquakes in your region or only the most recent earthquakes (as they are happening all the time! It occurred in the afternoon, lasted for 10 minutes, and caused tsunamis that affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the Aleutian Islands. Earthquake Intensity - Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale. 812-855-5809. Noticeable indoors, especially on upper floors, but may not be recognized as an earthquake. Engineers work very hard to protect humans from the potentially dangerous force of earthquakes. Wide cracks in WebThe scale used in New Zealand is a twelve step ranking, hence Modified Mercalli (MM), with 1 representing the weakest of shaking, through to 12 representing almost complete destruction. An official website of the United States government. Duration can be estimated. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. 2006-2013 Scientific Research Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, and so on. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. Objects thrown into the air. Description of Source: The Significant Earthquake database originated from the Significant Earthquake Catalog It is a 12-point scale, ranging from sites that experience barely perceptible vibration (MM I) to those that experience total devastation (MM XII). Feel free to visit the log calculator if you feel like you could use a refresher. Cut all necessary paper needed for the class activity. Thanks also extend to T. Pailoplee for the preparation of the draft manuscript. (Grade Tremor Troop Earthquakes, Federal Emergency Management Modified Mercalli Scale Intensity - MercalliXII Some damage to reinforced masonry; none to reinforced masonry designed to resist lateral forces. Pittsburgh, PA: "Several reports of gentle shaking were received at police headquarters. I. Mercalli Scale Illustrated See below Earthquake magnitude. Vibrations are similar to those caused by the passing of light trucks. Masks are expected for indoor activities. The intensities experienced at different sites depend primarily on the distance from the source to each site. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A fun and Considerable damage to specially built structures, buildings shifted off foundations. Class Discussion: As a class, have students engage in open discussion. Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices. political geography, and additional comments are also provided for each earthquake. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. Don't stop under bridges, overpasses, trees, or power lines. General panic. With the use of an intensity scale, it is possible to summarize such data for an earthquake by constructing isoseismal curves, which are lines that connect points of equal intensity. 5), Represent and interpret data. The earthquake "size" which is the energy released is. Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. The first is the Mw- 5.0 earthquake that occurred on the 8th October 2006 in the southern part of Thailand [9], whilst the second is the Mw 4.6 earthquake located at Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand [10]. Kansas City, MO: "All of the dishes in Thelma's Cafe rattled noisily, but none crashed off the shelves. Remember that for each unit increase in magnitude: So, for example, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7 releases over 1000 times more energy than a magnitude 5 earthquake. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 4, 425-435. and National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), including the National Coastal Data Hanging objects quivering. The magnitude does not depend on where the measurement is made. (1988) Intensity-related earthquake ground motion. Waves on ponds; water turbid with mud. of the MMI scale (i.e., felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Bridges destroyed. Did you notice that 3 out of the 12 most powerful earthquakes were in Chile? Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. Has anyone ever heard of the Mercalli scale? The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. Figure 1. Both of these were generated by the Ranong [9] and Mae Tha [11] Fault Zones, which represent the MMI characteristics in the southern and eastern part of Myanmar, respectively. Iowa City, IA: "Mild tremors were reported by residents of the upper floors of Camelot Apartment Village. Furniture broken. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. May feel like heavy truck passing by. New Madrid, MO: "A number of residents noted 'geysers of mud' ejected from the levees adjacent to the Mississippi. Besides the Sumatra-Andaman Subduction Zone in the western part, Myanmar also has own great strike-slip active faults called the Sagiang Fault Zone [2]. The next six strongest Chilean earthquakes would be found in the top 30 most massive earthquakes by magnitude. Modified Mercallit (MM) Scale Primary wave (P wave) Richter, Charles Francis (19001985) Secondary wave (S wave) Tectonic and Tectono-Seismic Hazards Tectonic Tremor Bibliography Arias, A., 1970. The European (MSK) scale of 12 grades is similar to the abridged version of the Mercalli. Branches broken from trees. The one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale developed in 1931. References, Other intensity scales are used in some countries. (Grades About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Fall of stucco and some masonry walls. '", 14. called the Moment Magnitude Scale, which measures the What to do during an earthquake? Focusing to the other region, many empirical equations have been proposed to relate the MMI with PGA (Figure 3). The 12-point Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale describes how an earthquake is felt and the damage that it In the MMI-PGA relationship, each MMI level was examined independently and the PGA corresponding to that particular MMI level was calculated according to Equation (1). Magnitude scales, like the moment magnitude, measure the size of the earthquake at its source. List some famous earthquakes and their Richter Scale measurements. Hold on to your shelter with one hand until the shaking stops. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 46, 317-320. With improved engineering technology to predict the size and force of earthquakes, cities and communities have more time to prepare themselves from harm. Copyright 2023 The Trustees of Copyright ? Information, NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, Natural Hazards Map Viewer - Significant Earthquakes Layer, Information Landslides. Wholesale destruction. Crawl under a sturdy table/desk if nearby. exist. After that, on 5th May 1930, a Mw-7.3 earthquake occurred again in southern Myanmar, generating a maximum MMI level of IX. Some dishes, windows broken. 1 0 obj The Modified Mercalli Scale measures the amount of shaking at a particular location. An important piece of information to keep in mind is that the magnitude scale is logarithmic. In other words, it is comparing amplitudes of waves on a seismogram, not the strength, or energy, of the quakes, according to USGS. Furniture moves or overturns. The uncertainties in the variables used in the damage estimation should also be discussed. M.Sc. Explain the different levels of the Mercalli Scale using words or pictures. This is a public event. Detailed Description. Underground pipes broken. IX. Rhodes, B.P., Perez, R., Lamjuan, A. and Kosuwan, S. (2004) Kinematics and tectonic implications of the Mae Kuang Fault, northern Thailand. Earthquakes in the Midwestern and Eastern United States?! Gebrder Borntr- ger, Berlin. the United States is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Global Significant Earthquake Database. on the date and time of occurrence, latitude and longitude, focal depth, magnitude, WebA 12-point abridged form of the modified Mercalli scale is provided below. The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. Damage nearly total. Marginal and long-period effects of large earthquakes. The Mercalli scale is particularly useful for comparing modern earthquakes with those that occurred before the era of seismographic recording (i.e., prior to 1900)-and for providing estimates of earthquake location, focal depth, and magnitude for these early events. amount of energy released during an earthquake. The released energy is 31622776601684 J, and the equivalent of such energy is: 0.0000028 of the most massive earthquake recorded, Chile '60 . Refer to the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale page on the US Geological or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. These variations can be considerable, even over short distances. In order not to be biased by this effect, the Modified Mercalli scale attempts to allow for varying effects on different types of construction. They make a model of a seismographa measuring device that records an earthquake on a seismogram. from FEMA at no cost by calling 1-800-480-2520. Avoid buildings, trees, power lines, and signs if you can. Since that time, the divisions in these scales have been associated with measurable accelerations of the local ground shaking. Kramer, S.L. Not felt. Intensity scales date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before seismographs capable of accurate measurement of ground motion were developed. Frankfort, KY: "Heavy furniture was moved around in some stores and homes, and some shops reported broken windows., 10. However, because of the many unsymmetrical geologic factors influencing intensity, the curves are often far from circular. % Owen Hall evaluating historic earthquakes, where written records 3 - Little damage in specially built structures. Earthquake Intensity - Eastern Illinois University Trees shake. Considerable damage to ordinary buildings, severe damage to poorly built structures. Intensity. Learn how the Richter scale measures magnitude and the Mercalli scale measures intensity of an earthquake. If there were complete symmetry about the vertical through the earthquakes focus, isoseismals would be circles with the epicentre (the point at the surface of the Earth immediately above where the earthquake originated) as the centre. In some cases, instrumental data verify this calculation, but not infrequently the true epicentre lies outside the area of greatest intensity. Even sports teams have different levels to make sure that teams with the same ability play each other. endobj Do you know that the shockwave originated from the detonation of the Tsar Bomba circled the world three times, touching at the antipodal point of the explosion and "bouncing" back? Because the entire range of observed effects is not capable of simple quantitative definition, the strength of the shaking is commonly estimated by reference to intensity scales that describe the effects in qualitative terms. The database is now updated regularly from sources such as U.S. Apart from the fact the scale was intended to be for a specific area only, seismographs from that period weren't as sensitive as they are today they could measure only certain frequencies, meaning that low frequencies were lost, and large earthquakes were underestimated. Thehighernumbers of the scale are based on observed structural damage. Felt by a few people, especially on upper floors. From the isoseismal maps described above, the individual area of each MMI level was gridded with a spacing of 1 1 km to measure the source-to-site-distances that the seismic wave traveled and was attenuated over. While shaking is caused Bridges destroyed. We find out that a magnitude of 7.1 is 20 times bigger (on a seismogram, in terms of amplitudes) and ~89 times stronger (in terms of energy release) than a 5.8 magnitude. Modified Mercalli Scale Structural engineers usually contribute information for assigning intensity values of VIII or above. Lexington, KY: "Mama Leone's Restaurant reported that several plates and dishes fell off of their shelves and broke. Miraculously, because of the late hour, no one was hurt by the crashing tower. WebABBREVIATED MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY SCALE; REFLECTION QUESTIONS; Contributors and Attributions; Magnitude and Intensity measure different characteristics of earthquakes. Students learn about the Mercalli Scale for rating earthquakes.copyrightCopyright http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/US_Navy_110320-M-0145H-063_A_large_ferry_boat_rests_inland_amidst_destroyed_houses_after_a_9.0_earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_struck_Japan_March.jpg. WebIn the United States, we use the Modified Mercalli (MMI) Scale. Many factors affect surface ground motion, including topography and near-surface geology, especially soft surface sediments. and damage. Counts toward Master of Disaster badge. Can they think of examples where something has a rating or a level? There are two commonly-used ways of rating earthquakes: 1) the Richter scale and 2) the Mercalli Scale. Ask the students: With Words and Pictures: Have students write a sentence on the bottom of each page of their information booklet describing their illustration of the Mercalli Scale rating. from 2150 BC to the present. The one currently used in Kaka, S. and Atkinson, G. (2004) Relationships between instrumental intensity and ground motion parameters in eastern North America. This is a web site through which To calculate the moment magnitude, seismologists need to know the seismic moment, M0M_0M0: The seismic moment is found by multiplication of three physical parameters rigidity, area, and slip: \mu Shear modulus of the rocks (dyne/cm2), which is the rock's resistance to bending (rock rigidity). Union of Burma Journal of Science and Technology, 1, 241-251. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K [access date]. Atlanta, GA: "Cars in the Olympic parking lot were noted to sway slightly during last night's quake. In case of no shelter, hold on to your head and neck with both arms and hands. Memphis, TN: "Damage to the city is severe. or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami. maximum MMI intensity, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, simulated, basing on either actually recorded or synthesized 3-D digital strong-motion data. A significant earthquake is classified as one that meets Felt by nearly everyone. WebFirst, measure the scale on the map in Figure 13.13 in centimeters, and use that to convert your distances in kilometers to centimeters (ex. ""Many residents ran into the street in panic during the severe shaking, though building damage was mostly restricted to a few cracked chimneys. Historical documents indicate that a severe earthquake occurred somewhere in the Midwest, and the effects were felt over a wide area. It is common to find intensities ranging by 1 unit in a neighbourhood, and not unusual to find values 2 or more. Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? ( edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox ( edit | diff) and testcases ( edit) pages. Relationship between Modified Mercalli Intensity May not be recognized as an earthquake. WebThe most commonly used earthquake intensity scale is the Modified Mercalli earthquake intensity scale. Jackson, MS: "Broken plaster was noted in the entry to the old City Hall building. Then drop, cover, and hold on, as objects may be thrown at you from the side. The magnitude (size) of an earthquake is based on The other thing you can do with this tool is to compare two magnitudes. Ground cracked noticeably. The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such This method of obtaining data is not enough for the numerical analysis of seismic hazards and in particular is not sufficient for engineering purposes [3]. WebThe Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale provides scientists with a method to quantify the shaking generated by an earthquake, as experienced at any point at the earths surface. Evansville, IN: "The smokestack of the Sterling Brewery collapsed in downtown Evansville. Total damage. The effect of an earthquake on the Earth's surface is called the intensity. A modified version of his scale is still in use today. Suggest a house or building that has been damaged by an earthquake or a picture of the Earth shaking. In the article below, you'll learn about the different measures of an earthquake: from the famous Richter scale to the currently used moment magnitude scale and Mercalli scale, which is an intensity scale describing the effects of the phenomenon. Do you agree with this alignment? A number of different intensity scales have been set up during the past century and applied to both current and ancient destructive earthquakes. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok. Freeman, San Francisco, 768. Modified Mercalli Intensity - SLU ;f:3+f*yZReIxRu3V>5?}k~&K7/E*y WebA new 3-D earthquake simulator with a vibrating platform approximately 7 by 4 meters, has recently been. Note that the scale is based on vibration experienced at a particular site. Considerable damage XI. Pairs Check/Sharing with the Community: Have students share their booklets with a partner or the person next to them. Most masonry, frame structures, and their foundations destroyed. Earthquake Intensity Small bells ring (church, school). Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Objects thrown into air. Significant damage was reported to tracks at the new railroad yard. ", 6. X. Earthquake Calculator. Strength Comparison The amplitude of shaking is 10 times larger. That's why you can't directly convert the Richter or Magnitude scale to the Mercalli scale although the released energy, local geology, terrain, depth of an earthquake and distance from the epicenter are all still the same. In this study, it is attempted to develop the relationship between macroseismic intensity, in terms of the MMI scale, and the engineering ground-motion parameter, in terms of the PGA. Development Center (NCDDC), per the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations AAA and DDD are calculated thanks to complex mathematical models predicted by seismograms. Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. Htwe, Y.M.M. The areas of equal intensity, referred to as isoseismals, tend to form irregular bullseye patterns, with the center of the bulls eye, and the highest intensities, experienced at or near the earthquake epicenter. Earthquake Effects V. Felt outdoors; direction may be estimated. For further information visit http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/shake/. 110 The Mercalli Scale Calling Station KWAT. Read the newspaper reports for each city and assign Mercalli intensity values to each of the reporting areas based on the classifications in Table 1 above. 3 0 obj Weak masonry destroyed; ordinary masonry heavily damaged, sometimes with complete collapse; reinforced masonry seriously damaged. Testing Model Villages in Big Waves, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth. catalogs, post-event reconnaissance reports, journal articles, newspapers, internet Difficult to stand. EARTHQUAKE SIMULATOR - APOLO11.COM severe damage to poorly built structures. be found on pg. Chapter 12 WebStep 1 Type the name of the city and the state of the hypothetical earthquake, and then click "Center". Sleepers awaken. In final, the MMI-PGA relationship is contributed using the linear regression. Nowadays, the moment magnitude scale is the most commonly used system. Khin and Win [7] reported that the macroseismic intensities were up to a level of VIII in a radius of 150 km from its source. Microearthquakes, usually not felt. II. Earthquake Intensity - Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale. and Papazachos, B.C. put into trial operation in Ankara, Turkey. Felt by very few people; barely noticeable. WebModified Mercalli Intensity Scale Instrumental: detected only by instruments Very feeble: noticed only by people at rest Slight: felt by people at rest Like passing of a truck Vil Vill x If engineers can develop better technology for predicting the size and force of earthquakes, then cities and communities can work to keep themselves from harm. The scale was developed at the turn of the century by the Italian volcanologist G. Mercalli, and subsequently revised by American seismologists H.O.

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