with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. Money needed to come from private investment. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In particular, he emphasizes that the economic challenges faced by Britain can be eliminated through colonial means. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. [29], Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. He is known for promoting the English colonization of North America through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (15891600). He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. He was fascinated by voyages being made to far-off lands. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. Around that time he became a minister. Therefore, the natives and Indians are mere tools, passive objects, or pawns constructed to be used and manipulated via protestant religions in order to serve the interests of the English people. [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. [24] Helen Thornton has suggested that the translation was commissioned by Thomas Smythe who became treasurer of the Virginia Company in 1609 and was also Governor of the East India Company. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. 808 certified writers online. The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt Until after the death of his wife in 1597, little is heard of any geographical work, but he then completed the greatly enlarged second edition of the Voyages, which appeared in three volumes between 1598 and 1600. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. Hakluyt's patrilineal ancestors were of Welsh extraction, rather than Dutch as is often suggested;[2] they appear to have settled in Herefordshire in England around the 13th century, and, according to antiquary John Leland, took their surname from the "Forest of Cluid in Radnorland. England was in an economic depression and was nervous about the growing power of Spain obtaining vast amounts of wealth from their spoils of the New World. Overview of English Exploration | Encyclopedia.com and M.A. 232 lessons. Hakluyt living during an interesting period in history called the Age of Exploration or sometimes the Age of Discovery. His books encouraged those living in England to begin to prepare to settle in North America and found colonies that later become the basis for the future United States. Hakluyt revisited England in 1584, and laid a copy of the Discourse before Elizabeth I (to whom it had been dedicated) together with his analysis in Latin of Aristotle's Politicks. What is the importance of Richard Hakluyt to the history of early English colonization then? English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. discussed in biography In Richard Hakluyt a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Was it the description of the place that made you wonder what it was like there? Motivation for European conquest of the New World Catholicism had always justified Spanish conquest, and colonization always carried religious imperatives. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. This, the prose epic of the English nation, is more than a documentary history of exploration and adventure; with tales of daring it mingles historical, diplomatic, and economic papers to establish English right to sovereignty at sea and to a place in overseas settlement. The same year, his edition of Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's De Orbe Nouo Decades Octo saw the light at Paris. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. He was the first to show "both the old imperfectly composed and the new lately reformed mappes, globes, spheares, and other instruments of this art. His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. PDF English Reasons for Colonization1 Additional reasons for colonization Richard Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt was born in England in the mid-sixteenth century (1552-1616). That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). 4. Richard Hakluyt | Encyclopedia.com Between 1583 and 1588 he was chaplain and secretary to Sir Edward Stafford, English ambassador at the French court. . That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. His major publication, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation (1589), provides almost everything known about the early English voyages to North America. In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. When Hakluyt was only five his father passed away. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View Essay While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. IvyPanda. PDF A Discourse Concerning Western Planting Richard Hakluyt (1584) Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. Richard Hakluyt was not an explorer nor a colonizer. After his father's death, Haklyut's cousin, Richard Hakluyt the Elder, took him under his care. Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). History Unit 2 Assignment 5-Richard Hakluyt "A Discousre to - Quizlet Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. All rights reserved. With the help of various scholarships, Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, entering in 1570 and taking his M.A. Richard Hakluyt was probably born in London, England, in 1553. [10], While a Queen's Scholar at Westminster School, Hakluyt visited his guardian, whose conversation, illustrated by "certain bookes of cosmographie, an universall mappe, and the Bible," made Hakluyt resolve to "prosecute that knowledge, and kind of literature. EN. Discourse of Western Planting | Encyclopedia.com ?died Nov. 23, 1616, England), British geographer. In a number of popular pamphlets they made the . In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. Though he never personally took part in any expeditions, Richard Hakluyt greatly advanced the cause of English exploration in North America.One of England's first geographers, he collected and disseminated information, and promoted the colonization efforts of Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618) and others. Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Encyclopdia Britannica. Many of these reasons have to do with England's competition with other European countrieschiefly Spain, which had become rich and powerful from the silver it extracted from its colonies in Mexico and Peru. student. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. 1. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization He is known for promoting early English exploration of North America. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616) No account of Elizabethan exploration is complete without mentioning Hakluyt. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. I feel like its a lifeline. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Works by Hakluyt in addition to those mentioned above included translations of Antonio Galvos Discoveries of the World (1601) and of Hernando de Sotos account of Florida, under the title Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description ofFlorida (1609). This period included also the voyages of Christopher Columbus that opened the way for discovery and brought the 'Old' and 'New' Worlds into contact with each other. Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. While in France he was able to expand his knowledge of foreign places which inspired him to write and publish books on the subject to encourage colonization. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. English Perceptions of Treachery, 1583-1640: The Case of the - JSTOR A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. "Hakluyt, Richard". [20], Hakluyt was married twice, once in or about 1594[5] and again in 1604. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. 8". In this document, Hakluyt outlined particular points highlighting the benefits of colonization for the English people. [33], A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's Principal Navigations is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia.[34]. In the dedication of the second volume (1599) to his patron, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Hakluyt strongly urged the minister as to the expediency of colonising Virginia. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. He graduated with a master's degree in 1577, and remained in Oxford as a lecturer. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. Jan has taught history at the university level. Stafford at that time was the ambassador to Paris for Queen Elizabeth I of England. The outbreak of war with Spain put an end to the effectiveness of overseas propaganda and the opportunity for further exploration, so he began work on a project that he had had in mind for some time. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. natural reason.15 The elder Richard Hakluyt was the first of a long series 15 Sir George Peckham, A true reporte, of . "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. 10 Richard Hakluyt, ne third voyage . "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." Furthermore, he points out that crime in England is on the rise, and colonization will aid in sending convicted criminals to work in farms in colonized regions in order to reduce tax payments that emanate from rehabilitating criminals in England. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. [5] His last publication was a translation of Hernando de Soto's discoveries in Florida, entitled Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description of the Maine Land of Florida, Her Next Neighbour (1609). An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. Hakluyt's cousin, also named Richard Hakluyt, of the Middle Temple, became his guardian. Queen Elizabeth was under great pressure to provide for her people. It has been asserted that the income of the East India Company was increased by 20,000 through a study of Hakluyts Voyages. Create an account to start this course today. In the preface to this he announced the intended publication of the first terrestrial globe made in England by Emery Molyneux. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. [14], Hakluyt was also a leading adventurer of the Charter of the Virginia Company of London as a director thereof in 1589. in history, and a doctoral degree in interdisciplinary studies with a focus on early modern Scotland. His attitude towards the enemies of England clearly brings out pervasive anti-Spanish sentiments that have been embraced by England to formulate national identity and create a transatlantic empire. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by on 19 February 1574, and shortly after taking his Master of Arts (M.A.) He supported English colonization for the better part of his life, at least from 1580 until his death. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. "[3] Some of Hakluyt's ancestors established themselves at Yatton in Herefordshire,[4][5][6] and must have ranked amongst the principal landowners of the county. They saw colonization primarily as an economic venture that would open up hugely profitable new opportunities for English merchants. Your privacy is extremely important to us. English author, editor and translator (15531616), It has been suggested that the Hakluyts were originally, "Richard Hakluyt", 13 in pt. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. The enterprise developed slowly with minor voyages for exploration first, but a colony was finally established at Roanoke Island, in Virginia, in 1587, which would become the famous 'Lost Colony' in American history. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. "[21], Hakluyt prepared an English translation of Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum (1609),[22] a treatise that sought to demonstrate that the Dutch had the right to trade freely in the East Indies, contrary to Spanish and Portuguese claims of sovereignty over the seas,[23] in the early 17th century. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. Like so many young people, Richard had his own interests. 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Long, Every Man a King and Share our Wealth (1934), Franklin Roosevelts Re-Nomination Acceptance Speech (1936), Second Inaugural Address of Franklin D. Roosevelt (1937), Lester Hunter, Id Rather Not Be on Relief (1938), Bertha McCall on Americas Moving People (1940), Dorothy West, Amateur Night in Harlem (1938), Charles A. Lindbergh, America First (1941), A Phillip Randolph and Franklin Roosevelt on Racial Discrimination in the Defense Industry (1941), Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga on Japanese Internment (1942/1994), Harry Truman Announcing the Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima (1945), Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945), Dwight D. Eisenhower, Atoms for Peace (1953), Senator Margaret Chase Smiths Declaration of Conscience (1950), Lillian Hellman Refuses to Name Names (1952), Paul Robesons Appearance Before the House Un-American Activities Committee (1956), Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Richard Nixon on the American Standard of Living (1959), John F. Kennedy on the Separation of Church and State (1960), Congressman Arthur L. Miller Gives the Putrid Facts About Homosexuality (1950), Rosa Parks on Life in Montgomery, Alabama (1956-1958), Barry Goldwater, Republican Nomination Acceptance Speech (1964), Lyndon Johnson on Voting Rights and the American Promise (1965), Lyndon Johnson, Howard University Commencement Address (1965), National Organization for Women, Statement of Purpose (1966), George M. Garcia, Vietnam Veteran, Oral Interview (1969/2012), Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention 1964, Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (1968), Statement by John Kerry of Vietnam Veterans Against the War (1971), Barbara Jordan, 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address (1976), Jimmy Carter, Crisis of Confidence (1979), Gloria Steinem on Equal Rights for Women (1970), First Inaugural Address of Ronald Reagan (1981), Jerry Falwell on the Homosexual Revolution (1981), Statements from The Parents Music Resource Center (1985), Phyllis Schlafly on Womens Responsibility for Sexual Harassment (1981), Jesse Jackson on the Rainbow Coalition (1984), Bill Clinton on Free Trade and Financial Deregulation (1993-2000), The 9/11 Commission Report, Reflecting On A Generational Challenge (2004), George W. Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). . manuscript Seld. Richard Hakluyt | Biography, Significance, & Facts | Britannica His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. [14], Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey;[5][27] by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. [23] However, it is not clear why Hakluyt's translation was not published in his lifetime. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. Hakluyt interested himself in the publication of the manuscript journal of Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire, L'histoire notable de la Floride situe s Indes Occidentales in Paris in 1586. That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. Criminals will be effectively used in farms and industries to offer free labor. B. "[11] Hakluyt held on to his studentship at Christ Church between 1577 and 1586, although after 1583 he was no longer resident in Oxford. This was The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, which, by its scholarship and comprehensiveness, transcended all geographical literature to date; the first edition, in one volume, appeared in 1589. That hereby the Revenues and customs of her Majestie both outwards and inwards shall mightely be enlarged by the toll, excises, and other duties which without oppression may be raised. Author and geographer Richard Hakluyt decided to write about the Americas as encouragement for others to learn about them. Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. c. 1552-1616. According to Hakluyt, Spain has transformed into the other enemy that must be defeated in the process of creating the New World. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. Hakluyts family was of some social standing in the Welsh Marches and held property at Eaton. Corrections? At the age of 30, being acquainted with "the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation,"[11] he was selected as chaplain and secretary to accompany Stafford, now English ambassador at the French court, to Paris in 1583. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. Richard Hakluyt was born in 1552 and died in 1616. The increase of the force of the Christians. Hakluyt was concerned with the activities of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Martin Frobisher, who were both searching for a passage to the East; was consulting Abraham Ortelius, compiler of the worlds first atlas, and Gerardus Mercator, the Flemish mapmaker, on cosmographical problems; and was gaining approval for future overseas exploration from such politically prominent men as Lord Burghley, Sir Francis Walsingham, and Sir Robert Cecil.
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