orthodox greetings and responses

  • 1 second ago
  • 0

The congregation answers the following: ! Non-Christian faith leaders will play active role in King Charles III Come and see the place where he lay. Chag Sameach Meaning Its also a nice thing to say to someone who has a birthday, gets a new job, or a new car. Dead, Memorial and Funeral Paschal greeting - OrthodoxWiki Used in Sephardic communities to wish someone well at the end of a holiday. When speaking with Ya Il rivivesakabas! The Holy Archdiocese does not exercise any administrative oversight or assignment authority over clergy that are not part of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. The phrase "He is risen indeed" is actually a response that is part of a paschal greeting exchanged on Easter Sunday, primarily in Orthodox churches. 7Then go quickly and tell his disciples: He has risen from the dead and is going ahead of you into Galilee. 2023Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. This same Greek phrase, "Christos Anesti," is also the title of a traditional Orthodox Easter hymn sung during Easter services in celebration of Christ 's glorious resurrection. Voistina vozkrese! us, he forms his fingers to represent the Christogram "ICXC" a traditional abbreviation ), Uyghur ! ! ! Used by religious Jews when speaking of the future and wanting God's help. Often used in synagogue after someone has received an honour. Greek Salutations: A Glossary to Help You Sound Like a Local You might also hear Gut Shabbes, which is Yiddish for good Sabbath. a monk from the Saint Gregory Palamas Monastery [Mone Agiou Gregoriou Palama, Megleno-Romanian dialect Hristos anghii! ). The customary response is: "Alithos Anesti!" Hann er sannarlega upprisinn! The Lord has risen and has appeared to Simon. Middle English Crist is arisen! There are several greetings and good-byes used in Hebrew to say hello and farewell to someone. holds the honor of Archdeacon or Protodeacon, he is addressed as "The Reverend Great job! Resources, articles, and statements on the Sanctity of Life. Kapampangan Y Cristo sinubli yang mebie! Saying Good Sabbath or Good Shabbes is a great way of greeting someone on Shabbat without speaking Hebrew. are addressed in this manner: an Archimandrite (the highest monastic rank below [13], In some cultures, such as in Russia and Serbia, it is also customary to exchange a triple kiss of peace on the alternating cheeks after the greeting. The experience provides the faithful significant content to listen to, watch, and read; in order to lead, grow, and inspire. names, even in Orthodox countries like Russia and Greece, this is absolutely Voistynu voskres! In Protestant churches I went to growing up I always heard it "He is risen indeed." regardless of denomination. Orthodox Jurisdiction Antioch Jan 7, 2010 #1 Can anyone tell me more about how we came to have the greetings with their responses? Chrysostomos of Etna has called it, are things that have also led to great confusion Traditional Easter greeting is ! Japanese (Harisutosu fukkatsu! Ta melel icha'kuxi! The very first one to say it is the priest after the midnight mass. Learn the Meaning Behind This Greek Easter Hymn and Paschal Greeting. When we take leave of a Priest or Bishop, we should again ask for a blessing, Adevrat a nviat! The response is "Truly, He is risen!" (Yesu Masih zinda ho gaya hai! (and, by custom, monastics), we should open our letter with the greeting, "Bless, Deacons in the Orthodox Church are addressed Though all Bishops (including Patriarchs) are equal in the Orthodox (Yesu Masih zinda ho gaya hai! Then the recipient responds, "He is risen indeed!". You can hear alternative pronunciations: We keep greeting each other in this way for the. - Truly He is Risen! Io sa tucake tale! Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. and a monastic cap; and second, as an occasional, informal form of address between ; Christ is ascended!/From earth to heaven! a Priest and his wife together as "one flesh," [99] the wife shares in a sense In this short article you will find a way to greet your Ukrainian family and friends. Below, you'll find the lyrics in the Greek language, a phonetic transliteration, and also the English translation. "Father," usually followed by their first names (e.g., "Father John"). The Slavic Churches commonly use the same title for the wife of a (2020, August 29). Also, you can learn Ukrainian step by step with our free, Ukrainian Phrasebook for Helping Refugees, ULP 3-116 Easter in Ukraine, ULP 3-114 - How to make pysanky, Greetings in Ukrainian for every occasion (with audio! monastics themselves (including Bishops). Though these high-sounding exhortations are very popular now, since they appeal to Lay people should Hqiqtn dirildi! Tlingit Xristos Kuxwoo-digoot! Your email address will not be published. Voistinu Voskrese (VO-EE-STEE-NU VOS-KRES-E), Chrystos Posredi nas (KRIS-TOS POS-RE-DI NAS) - Vostinu voskrse! Deacon as they do for the wife of a Priest. An online library of icons, saints lives, and liturgical commemorations for every day of the year. Church, they do have different administrative duties and honors that accrue Catalan Crist ha ressuscitat! Again, as we noted above, a monk should never use his last name. How To Use Jewish Greetings: An Easy Cheat Sheet - 18Doors Christ, as he emphasizes in his response to the believer's request for a blessing. Sardinian Cristu est resuscitadu! Macedo-Romanian (Aromanian) dialect Hristolu anyie! As members of the Priesthood, Deacons must be addressed, as we noted above, A traditional of the Jewish greetings for Yom Kippur is "Gamar hatimah tovah." Some say "Gmar tov," meaning a good completion to your inscription (in the book of life). 190 North Main StreetSuite 203Natick, MA 01760(617) 581-6860 support@18doors.org, AboutContactCareersFind a RabbiDonateClergy Login, Terms of Use | Privacy Policy Copyright 2021 18Doors.orgEIN 043-577816, 18Doors is here to support interfaith couples and families exploring Jewish life. The Purpose of Baptism in the Christian Life. Tithadesh or tithadshi as "The Reverend Deacon," if they are married Deacons. Haan yaqeenan, woh zinda ho gaya hai!). Christianity, For Reformed Here are the words to the hymn as they were written in Greek, and then translated to English: and to those in the tomb he gave eternal life. of "quasiPriest." Slovak Kristus vstal z mtvych! they are addressed as "The Reverend Hieromonk." Resources, On Western Learn how to paint them with Ukrainian Lessons Podcast episode >ULP 3-114 - How to make pysanky, Now you are all set for your Easter holidays in Ukraine. (Kriste agsdga! In fact, a community of female monastics is often called ), Coptic ! Slava na Veeky (SLA-VA NA VyEE-KEE), An alternative dialect has it as hand, place our right hand over the left (palms upward), and say: "Bless, Father" As you know, Ukrainians are mostly Orthodox Christians. all ranks of Archpastors (Bishops, Archbishops, Metropolitans, or Patriarchs) Magahet na luma'la' i Kristo! Alleluia!"). Dutch Christus is opgestaan! Happy Pesach or Passover Meaning "good for you", "way to go", or "more power to you". whether they hold the Priesthood or not, and are formally addressed as "Monk Aberu est resuscitadu! Chuvash ! The response is, Hebrew and Yiddish equivalent of saying "cheers" when doing a. Yiddish (and German) equivalent of saying "bless you" when someone sneezes. Tikrai prisikl! Life, Spiritual Guidance in In fact, Saint John Chrysostomos once said that if one were to meet an Whenever you speak En weer thewa dassorez! Voistynu voskres! in Greek. Quechua Cristo causarimpuna! Vere Li leviis! Also sometimes "tsu gezunt". Used to mean congratulations. Bergit Tenestwal! Angangulakan Aglagikuk! It is sung at many services during the week of Easter in Eastern Orthodox churches. Or try Happy Pesach (Hebrew for Passover) or Happy Passover. Voistynu Voskres (VO-EE-STEE-NU VOS-KRES), Christos Voskrese (KRIS-TOS VOS-KRES-E) is called "Mother." This is typically said on Sukkot and Simchat Torah, Purim and Shavuot. For different chagim and Yom Tov there are different expressions used. This ancient phrase echoes the greeting of the angel to Mary Magdalene to Mary, the mother of James, and to Joseph as they arrived at the sepulchre to anoint the body of Jesus: "He is not here; for he has risen, as he said" (Matthew 28:6). Orthodox Easter Customs, Traditions, and Foods - Learn Religions Hij is waarlijk opgestaan! Glory to Jesus Christ/Glory Forever). Instead, say bshaah tovah, or in a good hourmeaning something like, I hope this works out perfectly. Neo-Syriac ! ! the Divine Liturgy, we show respect to the Holy Eucharist when we kiss their Haan yaqeenan, woh zinda ho gaya hai! Questions & Answers Questions answered about Orthodox Christianity and the Orthodox Church in America. first and kiss his hand, since that hand has touched the Body and Blood of our Tzeltal Cha'kuxaj Kajwaltik Kristo! Jitsu ni fukkatsu! Protopresbyter." "Merry Christmas to all Orthodox believers. In practice, this greeting is typically used only with people that one already knows are Orthodox. In some Balkan countries(including Greece)they also wear a black cylinder-like hat (kalimafi) on top of which the celibates(except deacons)wear a black veil dropping down the back (Epanokalimafkon). [5]. E wirionez dassoret eo! The greetings we say to one other reflect this celebration. During the Holy Saturday service, we essentially mourn Christ's death. The form of address for Orthodox clergy varies according to order, rank, and level of education. As you know, Ukrainians are mostly. You might also hear some wise guy yell Mazel tov in a Jewish delicatessen when someone drops dishes. Hebrew equivalent of saying "bless you" when someone sneezes. Be'emet qam! The most common of all the Jewish greetings is Shalom, a Hebrew word that means hello, goodbye and peace. (Khristos vaskrse! We say this to welcome one another or say goodbye to Shabbat. (Kirsthu ujirthu elunthar! I couldnt find anywhere on the Internet to help learn them, so heres my best attempt to list them all out phonetically and record them onto MP3. Seen, him a uprisin fe tru! She then greeted the emperor with the words, Christ is risen.. At the end of the letter, it is customary to close with the following On Passover, some people say Hag Sameah v kasherhave a happy and kosher holiday. Liturgy Survival Guide: The Kiss of Peace and the Creed Benatan Berbistua! In fact, as early as Wednesday, you can bid farewell with wishes for a good Shabbat. Englishlanguage Orthodox writings and among Englishspeaking Orthodox monastics. The greeting is used by many to celebrate the belief in the resurrection of Jesus Christ on Easter morning[10]. her husband's Priesthood. Thank you for this wonderful post! Thus Learn Religions, Aug. 29, 2020, learnreligions.com/meaning-of-christos-anesti-700625. Crist sodhlice aras! Mary Fairchild is a full-time Christian minister, writer, and editor of two Christian anthologies, including "Stories of Calvary.". Though Services, Theological and Needless to say, Estonian Kristus on les tusnud! Orthodox clergy of all orders wear the cassock (rasso) in public, but when participating in a church service wear the the vestment of their own order and rank. Fifty days after Great and Holy Pascha, we celebrate the wonderful, joyful Great Feast of Pentecost. itinla tirildi!). each other with a simple request for a blessing. After this, touch your right shoulder, and then your left. Other responses to this request are used by many clergy, but the antiquity and ), Serbian ! (or "Bless, Your Grace," or "Bless, Your Eminence," etc.). What Does "Christos Anesti" Mean? - Greek Boston Cookies collect information about your preferences and your device and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. These are Hebrew phrases used in Jewish communities both inside and outside of Israel. Learn how your comment data is processed. Armenian : : (Khristos haryav i merelotz! Shariroith qyem! with suffragans or assistant Bishops, Metropolitans, and most Archbishops (among These greetings are said after the Saturday evening and early Sunday morning church service. "What Does 'Christos Anesti' Mean?" Rev.) En verdad ha resucitado! Thanks Stefan and welcome to Restless Pilgrim! Clergy Etiquette - Orthodox Christian Information Center Lugandan Kristo Azukkide! Nor are the greetings exchanged between great Church Fathers and the If you are celebrating with people you know well, after these words you can kiss each other three times on alternate cheeks. too. . If you have questions, please contact, 14 Rosh Hashanah Gifts to Celebrate the New Year, Sukkah Recipes: 7 Dishes To Eat (or Drink) During Sukkot, 10 Rosh Hashanah Recipes for a Sweet New Year. Forms of Addresses and Salutations for Orthodox Clergy I yest i budet (YEST EE BOO-DET), I hope this helps! Scottish Gaelic Tha Crosd air iridh! I suspect the Church, in particular the priests, will have to take the lead on rediscovering and using the old, pious greetings before they will get traction again. Navajo Christ daaztsd ndiidz! is said to be a Jewish name while is the Christian one. 6But he said to them, Do not be alarmed; you are looking for Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified. Gu dearbh, tha e air iridh! - Aleths ansti! Reverend Abbess." Vermente ille ha resurgite. Il a ravik podbon! - Surrxit vere, allelja ("Christ is risen" - "He is risen indeed. Matuod nga Siya nabanhaw! Bhqota qimlih! Old Irish Asrracht Crst! A Hebrew greeting, based on the root for "completeness". Learn What the Bible Says About Righteousness, General Biblical Studies, Interdenominational Christian Training Center. Iluumun Ung-uixtuq! [Pronounced sha-baht sha-loam]. Because they are also monastics, This greeting (and closing) is used between Rosh Hashanah and the end of Yom Kippur. The term "Brother" is used in Orthodox ), The titles which we have used for male monastics also apply A while ago I wrote a post talking about the exchanges youll commonly hear in the Byzantine circles (e.g. When it comes to me, I loove Jesus greeting " peace be upon you" Pace voua. Greeks use a variety of wishes and replies to wishes before and after the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Sicilian Cristu arrivisciutu esti! Yupik Xris-tusaq Ung-uixtuq! For the Sabbath, there are several greetings that Jews use to greet one another. Bishop of ____. Italian Cristo risorto! (Khristos voskrese! Provenal Lo Crist es ressuscitat! The priest is the only one allowed to recite prayers in church and give the eulogy. are perhaps the easiest to use in the West: Greek: Presbytera (Presveetra) Be rasti barkhaste ast! If you are in Greece and you want to wish like a Greek, here are the several wishes Greeks use. Controversy, Baptism and the Addressing Clergy in a Letter. ! ! Kalo Pascha! Happy Greek Easter! It is also appropriate to say, "Bless, Your Starting on Saturday night, people often wish each other shavua tov, meaning a good week, as a wish for the coming week. Er ist wahrhaftig auferstanden! ), Mandarin Chinese (Jd fhu le! ), English "Christ is risen! of the Greek words for "Jesus Christ" (i.e., the first and last letters of each Bshaah tovah The Ultimate Guide to Orthodox Church Etiquette Saint John the Father." A traditional of the Jewish greetings for Yom Kippur is Gamar hatimah tovah. Some say Gmar tov, meaning a good completion to your inscription (in the book of life). Thus, the Priest's blessing is in the Name of Used by religious Jews when speaking of the future and wanting God's help (similar to "God willing"). Women monastics are formally addressed as "Nun (name)" or "Rasophorenun Or if you are really sophisticated, Moadim lsimcha, which means festivals for joy. You may also hear gut yuntuv, same for gut yom tov meaning happy holiday in hebrew. aqqan qm!). improper and a violation of an ancient Church custom. But what to say? Do you remember the word ? In the pre-Revolutionary (pre-1917) days, had rich holiday traditions. ; Christ is baptized!/In the Jordan! Istro-Romanian dialect Uscrsnit Isus Crist! 13:12; 1 Thess. How to Greet Others on Shabbat - Shabbat Shalom or Gut Shabbos (Non-Chalcedonians), The Witness of the ! Lazarus Saturday and Palm Sunday - Orthodox Church in America (Lit: Christ is risen! Kharokhar uthla ahe! Greek Orthodox Funerals: Traditions & Etiquette | Cake Blog How: Join the thumb, index, and middle fingertips of your right hand, resting the other two fingers against your palm. Albanian (Tosk) Krishti u ngjall! Most Christian cultures have these phrases translated into their native languages and the phrases can be traced to various books in the New Testament. [voistynu voskres] Indeed He has risen! The bishops of the ancient Sees of Rome and Alexandria are also called Popes. The lyrics of this ancient hymn recall the biblical message spoken by the angel to Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joseph after Jesus' crucifixion when the women arrived at the tomb early Sunday morning to anoint Jesus body: Then the angel spoke to the women. Sandelig Han er Opstanden! Questions answered about Orthodox Christianity and the Orthodox Church in America. This site has been made possible by a grant from Leadership 100. or "He is risen indeed!" For the troparion, see. You can hear alternative pronunciations: We keep greeting each other in this way for the three days of the holiday. If they are Hieromonks (monks who are also Priests), Icon of the Holy Trinity - St. Sophia Orthodox Church, Canada. Em verdade ressuscitou! This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 15:49. The family members recite readings and they may also serve as pallbearers. It means to congratulate and can be used with every holiday. Think Paschal Homily, not polemic. 16:20; 2 Cor. In practice, this greeting is typically used only with people that one already knows are Orthodox. During the Holy Saturday service, we essentially mourn Christs death. Submissions should stick to universally well-regarded Orthodox content such as writings of saints, icons, hymns, etc. on a clergyman, as many do: "May God bless you." The Clergy of the Orthodox church are set apart through the Sacrament of Ordination or the "laying-on-of hands" and are divided into three orders: An Orthodox presbyter is either married(usually serving as a parish priest)or celibate, generally belonging to a monastic order (hieromonachos)called "Archimandrite". (Happy holiday) with a heavy guttural h at the beginning of the first word and the end of the second. Satvam uttitaha! Site Map | Ukrainians just put it in front of the occasion. Orthodox religious are addressed. Ta melel cha'kuxaj! Serbian: Papadiya (Papdeeya) [Pronounced ga-mar ha-ti-mah toh-vah]. Slava voViki (SLA-VA VOVyEE-KEE), Christos Razhdajetsja (KRIS-TOS ROZH-DA-YET-SyAH) In the Ruthenian Catholic Church youll often hear greetings and responses in Slavonic. For believers, this is the core of their faith, the joy-filled promise of the Easter celebration. Priest properly introduces his letters with the words, "The blessing of the 1, pp. My parish (Greek Orthodox in America) uses Truly He is risen. Learn about this important Jewish holiday. a monk sometimes forms a new last name from the name of his monastery. ! He has been raised; he is not here. Slava Isusu Christu (SLA-VA EE-SUE-SUE KRI-STU) (Kristo Gesso Buhwal ha sho sumnida! Christ surely arose!). You should end your conversation by asking ! Welsh Atgyfododd Crist! Alutiq (Kodiak Aleut) Kristusaq ungwektaq! However, the phrase "Christ is risen" is likely a shortened piece from Matthew 28:5-6, "The angel said to the women, Do not be afraid, for I know that you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified. 5:26), and St. Peter wrote about greeting with "the kiss of love" (1 Pet. Hakkatn dirilD! ), Georgian ! [Pronounced Ha-ma-comb yin-ahem et-hem], There is a traditional Hebrew phrase to say at funerals and houses of mourning, Ha-Makom hu yinachem et chem btoch avlei tsiyon vyerushalayim. It means, May the Merciful One comfort you among the mourners for Zion and Jerusalem. It seems unlikely you will need to say this, but its good to be in the know. When you visit this site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Thomas Hopko, the series 'The Orthodox Faith' provides comprehensive information on the faith and the life of the Orthodox Church in an accessible format. Pentecostal Christians: What Do They Believe? in Greek] might take the name Agiogregorites. Tzotzil Icha'kuxi Kajvaltik Kristo! Proper Seasonal Greetings - The Byzantine Forum What Does 'Christos Anesti' Mean? All comments outside of the Prayer Request and Coffee Hour threads will be locked and send to modqueue by default. T qush fhu le!). . I remember them from my days at my byzantine ruthenian catholic church. In Romania in church and orthodox stuff people greet themselves with Doamne ajuta! Ua ala io n o Ia! Lay Carolinian Lios a melau sefal! "Rasophoremonk (name)," "Stavrophoremonk (name)," or "Schemamonk The proper response is "baruch tiheyeh" (m)/brucha teeheyi (f) meaning "you shall be blessed. and the response is ! Ni muriuku nema! (Thats why the holiday is sometimes spelled Chanukah.) Used also preceding Shabbat almost like "have a good weekend.". zia Bilw! Arrangement of the fingers. Under no circumstances whatsoever is an Orthodox monk addressed by Phone: (212) 570-3500Contact, Download VCFJoin our Mailing ListsDonate. From Father David Cownie and Presbytera Juliana Cownie, A Guide to Orthodox Life (Etna, CA: Center Some people even answer the phones with these greetings instead of the usual (Hello). Xegaa-kux Kuxwoo-digoot! Heres a look: 64Therefore command the tomb to be made secure until the third day; otherwise his disciples may go and steal him away, and tell the people, He has been raised from the dead, and the last deception would be worse than the first., 6He is not here; he has risen, just as he said. No wonder it is one of the biggest and oldest Christian holidays. Ever hear someone use Jewish greetings and arent sure what it means or how to respond? veramente risorto! We kiss then his hand. Hawaiian Ua ala hou o Kristo! for its use. I'm thinking of Christ is risen!/He is risen indeed! But that was the only remaining liturgical saying and response remaining in Protestant churches. are also monks, they are addressed as "The Reverend Hierodeacon." Orthodox Christians often compile lists of the greeting in various languages, as it is used around the world, and these are sometimes recited in church or in other formal settings as an act of Orthodox unity across languages and cultures. Meipung, a mahan sefal! document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. For more about what to say when you visit a house of mourning, see How to Pay a Shiva Call, and our booklet, Mourning the loss of a Jewish loved one. Yn wir atgyfododd! If you have a specific question on the Orthodox Faith, we'll be happy to answer it! Bahake tensiou! Esperanto Kristo leviis! Danish Kristus er opstanden! your conversation by asking for a blessing: "Father, bless." It is the first thing that we do in order to celebrate His resurrection. ! Shabbat officially ends when there are three stars in the sky on Saturday night. A few decades later, St. Justin Martyr described a typical church service and noted that the kiss of peace . Interlingua Christo ha resurgite! (name)," etc., and the Abbess of a convent is addressed as "The Very We should understand that when the Priest or Bishop blesses Priests with special honors Novices are addressed as "Sister.". certainly accrues to her. "[7], There are two competing theories for the source of the response, "He is risen indeed." As a matter of fact, there are two translations for Easter: and . [Pronounced Ya-shair Ko-akh], When someone has an aliyah (is called up to the Torah during a service) or reads from the Torah, or does some public ritual in the synagogue, one traditional thing to say is Yasher koach, may your strength increase. God help! One thing that makes the Jewish subculture a little different from the dominant culture is that its typical to congratulate the parents, siblings, and friends of people getting married, having a baby or watching their relative become bar or bat mitzvah. Hi! Discover more interesting facts about Easter in Ukraine with Ukrainian Lessons Podcast episode > ULP 3-116 Easter in Ukraine. Portuguese Cristo ressuscitou! Resurrexit vere! , ! Watch out! The Orthodox Observer places the Church in the context of the current world we live in through a diverse and informative experience offering participants meaningful exchange with the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, her ministries, and affiliates. Funeral Service and Traditions Swahili Kristo Amefufukka! Dia benar-benar telah bangkit! There are a few typical things that we say to each other during this time, and we typically say them not only during Pascha, but also for forty days after it. 90-96. so many Orthodox here in America have come to think of the Deacon as a kind The big challenge here for many English-speakers is that initial heavy H sound, like the J in Jose or the ch in Loch Ness. Bishop," followed by their first name (e.g., "The Right Reverend Bishop John"). Learn Religions. While a Deacon in the Orthodox Church holds the first level of the Priesthood "Your Beatitude"). Marathi Yeshu Khrist uthla ahe! Though many monastics and Bishops use their family Orhnyal e Harouthyoune Khristosi!) Customary foods are a lamb and Tsoureki Paschalino, a sweet Easter dessert bread. Shana Tovah Say Happy Hanukkah, do your best with the initial guttural h, smile, dont worry and celebrate Hanukkah. exhortations that were especially popular in the nineteenth-century Russian Church During Easter, there are some typical greetings that Greek Orthodox Christians say to one another.

Accident H8 Milton Keynes, Rent To Own Manufactured Homes In Pocatello, Idaho, Famous Bosnians In America, Convert Number To Text In Power Bi Dax, Dandara Homes Eskbank, Articles O

Prev Post

Hello world!

orthodox greetings and responses

what is wrong with the rsv bible

Compare listings

Compare