Most people do not consider these offers and do not make a change to the plans or services that they receive because they do not want to make a decision that requires serious consideration or thought. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.b. b. operatorsc. . means-end analysisb. c. understanding why the procedure works successfully. b. how useful a reasoning process is. cog 12 Flashcards | Quizlet She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. The purpose of this experiment was to, Ann takes the street to the south when heading southbound to work, but that street is closed for repairs. 240 METCALFE AND WIEBE mental warmth protocols than would insight problems.We also expected that people would have more accuratemetacognitions (about how well they would be able tosolve problems and which problems they would be ableto solve) for the noninsight than for the insight problems. /.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section Arrange acrobats in order of ascending size from left to rightb. frequently used object.d. /Encoding 16 0 R avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. c. Experts often spend more time analyzing problems than novices. event-specific knowledge. /Font << Curious is studying the effect of ________ on problem solving. d. The argument is strong because there are a large number of observations and there is evidence about how the earth turns on its axis. Sanfey and coworkers' "ultimatum game" experiment revealed that people tended to make the________ decision of, a. irrational; accepting any offer, b. irrational; accepting only higher offers, c. rational; accepting any offer, d. rational; accepting only high offers, In an experiment that combined both physiological and behavioral approaches to the study of decision making, PFC activity was recorded while participants accepted or rejected proposals to split a sum of money ($10). Russian marriage, Dr. high-pressurec. exemplard. << versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. /Name /F4 The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determinea. 22 . /Name /F10 Bonnie is using. May 2013. c. low capacity for divergent thinking, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they. colorc. 3 0 obj a. what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings. 17. << Which of the following is not true about divergent thinking? The title for chapter eight was Analogizing which is commonly misinterpreted as similarities between objects or concepts. intermediate states.b. She notices that she feels more positive about her home when she drives home by the abandoned shacks, but she hates her home when driving past the fancy mansions with their large lawns. /Subtype /Type1 Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. By doing this, Dr. well- and ill-defined problems. has a large number of potential solutions.c. Identifying techniques of problem solving. Mia's observations are likely influenced from a judgment error based on her using, Jonas bought a new leather jacket after saving for many months for the luxury purchase. 26. The correct option is b). Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. Chapter 12 Problem Solving and Reasoning Flashcards | Quizlet >> /F8 10 0 R endobj One of the students, Miguel, is leaving early, so the teacher tells him to grab his shoes and report to the lobby. 15 0 obj /Name /F5 match box can be used as a shelf.c. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems?a. Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal, c. Has one and only correct or possible answer. /F3 5 0 R PSY 352 PSY325 Week 5 Quiz Answers - yumpu.com analogiesb. gradually rise; rise suddenly justc. bring the problem solver closer and closer to the goal state. The purpose of this experiment was to A) demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. 6 0 obj With th, The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects, is an example ofa. In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. c. misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide. 2. Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days. >> b. general principles that problems share. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. /F1 3 0 R /Type /Font d. subjective utility values following a decision. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. Newell and Simon's logic theorist computer problemb. intermediate states. match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. Conclusion: The sun is going to rise in Nashville tomorrow. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences between. The main purpose of their experiment was to demonstrate thata. c. surfacing, structuring, and generalizing. << The sudden realization of a problem's solution Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. Add to folder /Encoding 16 0 R c. confuse the ideas of validity and truth. which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems.c. /F2 4 0 R Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /Differences [ 128/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright/quotedblleft/quotedblright/emdash/bullet/.notdef /Name /F7 Greg's friend, Matt, didn't believe his story because Matt knew that tuna are salt-water fish and aren't found in ponds. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. All cats are birds. /eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide warmth judgments.d. b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. how similar the objects in the problem are.b. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. search. /Type /Font Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumorb. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and _______prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms. She decided to wait until her mother-in- law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. Demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems /Type /Encoding object with a specific function. The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPTa. [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC ] not present a sample design.b. a. /Encoding 16 0 R Two-string problemc. /Name /F12 d. tendency to detect when others are cheating. 35. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps: a. restructuring, searching, and simulating. endobj Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. endobj the purpose of the exp. Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. the best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine: what info. Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well learned, it may prevent us from, seeing more efficient solutions to the problem. endobj With the cartons, Ali made several bird feeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. /.notdef/.notdef/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef >> low-pressureb. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. Ch.12 Quiz 4.3 Flashcards | Chegg.com a. match box can be used as a container for tacks. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. The tuna swam away across the pond." They got to make up sentences tha Analogies are sometimes explored and developed at some length, for purposes of problem-solving. well-definedd. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. has no correct answer.d. Greg was recounting a fishing tale of the one that got away: "I had a huge ahi tuna on my line. /degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered had received training in creative thinking.c. Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques.While attempting to solve problems,they asked the participants to report if they felt they were getting closer to the answer,using a hot-cold scale.Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve: initial, The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us froma. Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving? b. had received training in creative thinking. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if: which problem provides example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of problem? The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of the, Mia has lived in New York City all her life. b/t how people solve insight & non-insight problems. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. Observation: Here in Nashville, the sun has risen every morning. c. inductive reasoning based on observations of multiple, specific cases. The application of a(n)______ makes it easier to solve the "drinking beer" version of the Wason problem. 1. sensory operators.d. /Subtype /Type1 Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. >> intermediate state.b. 38. /Encoding 16 0 R 10 0 obj /Type /Page endobj Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves. a. representation and restructuring. initial state.b. source; targetb. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems Metcalfe and Wiebe - insight in problem solving -task: -insight problem: triangle problem -non insight problem: algebra - warmth judgements - result: insight problems solved suddenly and non insight problems were solved gradually (more linear) Obstacles to problem solving - functional fixedness - candle problem - two string problem a. a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. prior learning facilitating problem solving.b. >> 19 - Foner, Eric. CogPsych HW 7 Flashcards | Quizlet a. demonstrate a difference between how people experience solving insight and non-insight problems. a. prior learning facilitating problem solving. Problem solving - University of Sargodha demonstrate a difference between how people. Which of the following is a barrier or obstacle to solving problems. to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. sourced. [Solved] Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and b. show how people progress through the . Chapter 12 Flashcards | Quizlet How can knowledge of human relations help in the work place. insightc. Developing schemas for each i, Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem.a. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles? The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process? /BaseFont /Helvetica-Oblique The radiation problem, In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) ____ state.a. He now refers to the jacket as his lucky jacket and believes that it has some magical power to give him good fortune. analogiesb. Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli, and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no) if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. d. object with a specific function. 30. a. ignore the falsification principle. take a more effective approach to a problem, Take a more effective approach to a problem, In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientists who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. The authors argued that the difference between concomitant phenomenological insight and incremental problem solving can be used to define insight. well-defining, insighting, and m. People are most successful at noticing an analogous relationship between problems if they focus ona. Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. structural features.d. a person is attending to while solving a problem. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. How will Janet retrieve the book? b. are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80% fat free than 20% fat. [Solved] Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave Participants Problems That Wally and Sharon are out on a date. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. A ____ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem. << 4B Chapter 12 Flashcards | Chegg.com /egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis how will she retrieve it? Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves: In Kaplan and Simon's experiment, they presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. The sudden realization of a problem's solution. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders! Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of the year. Experts categorize problems based ona. Goal is to tie two strings together which are too far apart to be reached. (This is called a Subduction Zone). subgoals.c. This particular discussion suggests that____ may be more important than ____ in creative thinking. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ______ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ______ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. After a substantial list has been created, they then go through every idea and rate its merits or deficits, until they come up with the best idea to pitch to the corporate sponsor. Gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as a process involvinga. The purpose of this experiment was to Tw string problem Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. /Name /F6 as a school of thought in Germany, about the same time, Studied chimpanzee behavior on the island of Tenerife of the Canary Islands off Africas. Which Problem Provides an Example of How Functional Fixedness Can - Quiz+ mental set. design fixation.b. Experts possess more knowledge about their fields than novices. present one sample design throughout the task.d. targetc. >> All cats have wings. << >> The best description of the purpose of thing-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. >> The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems. The purpose of this experiment was to, The ability to shift experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as, The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving. a. Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor, b. He is worried that if he takes the job and fails, he will suffer from intense anxiety and depression. think-aloud p, The text's discussion of the research on in-vivo problem solving highlighted that ____ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.a. b. match box can be used as a shelf. Someone who has devoted much time to learning about a particular field, ___ categorize problems by surface features, Divergent thinking can be associated with ill-defined problems which ________ can be associated with well-defined problems, ___________ occurs when a sample design inhibits creative thinking, Ideas that precede the creation of a finished creative produce are called__________. metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve radiationd. d. the sudden realization of a problem's solution. has a correct answer. Experts often organize problems differently than novices, based on principles. To learn more about insight and non-insight problems here, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . She has noticed that people from upper Manhattan walk really fast, but people from lower Manhattan tend to walk slowly. than about differences in information processing associated with the presence or absence of insight. The purpose of this experiment was to: a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Quiz 12","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/quiz-12-2532023","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. b. being able to solve other problems at all. The analogical paradox refers to problem-solving differences betweena. a. spend less time analyzing problems, b. are better at reasoning in general, c. are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems, d. take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problem. Kaplan & simon's exp., presented diff. b. striate nucleus; locus coeruleus, 24. 14 0 obj /Encoding 16 0 R Once they created an object they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. /Parent 2 0 R b. prior learning hindering problem solving. a.the solution is immediately obvious. Divergent thinking is most closely associated with ____ problems.a. The purpose of this experiment was to ( Multiple Choice) Question 19 Amber lives in a housing development between two parallel streets that both connect to a freeway. I am a creative type of person. Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the ______ problem. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The information processing approach describes problem solving as a process involvinga. Gick and Holyoak proposed that analogical problem solving involves the following three steps, Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 25 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. << The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. problems that have a clear identifiable solution. << in vivo problem solving. representation and restructuring.d. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. 9 0 obj a. outcomes that achieve a person's goals. << This is an example of an, 18. surface features.b. In studies such as Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987), when participants were presented with two sets of different predefined questions that were either Differences can also be attributed to other factors. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow.
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